b) 3. Trigonometric Leveling  Trigonometric leveling is based on the resolution of a right triangle. In this leveling, the level difference is determined in an indirect way, by means of triangles situated in vertical planes passing through points whose le …

Composite Geometric Leveling  The compound geometric leveling consists of a series of leveling simple geometries, properly tied to one another. This process is used when it comes to leveling in terrain of marked gradient, where the determination of the to …

 a) 2. Geometric Leveling The geometric leveling is based on the difference of readings in vertical sights graduates. The precision obtained is quite large, of the order of millimeters in the works of first order, up to only a few centimeters in common to …

 I understand and I know that these next parts may be a little awkward or perhaps very theoretical for some of you; as I also know that the calculation methods and the apparatus used in these first parts are part of the recent past, but we are represented …

We often talk about these issues, but several people do not know exactly what they are and what the relationship between them and the intelligent machine control is. Or, in reality, the automatic level control systems of heavy machinery applied in civil co …